NECO GCE AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE ANSWERS

NECO GCE AGRIC
01-10: EBDBECBCCD
11-20: CACDDEECBB
21-30: CCABDBBACD
31-40: CBEBADDECD
41-50: EDDBAEABBE
51-60: CACBEBBEBC

COMPLETED

THEORY

SECTION A

1a)
i) Farm buildings on high elevation – To prevent flooding and ensure good drainage.
ii) Animal pens against wind direction – To reduce the spread of odor and airborne diseases.
iii) Fish ponds on sloppy land– To allow easy drainage and harvesting.
iv) Vegetable gardens on low land– To ensure better moisture retention for shallow-rooted crops.

(1b)
i) Scraper – Removes soil from the disc after turning.
ii) Spring– Absorbs shocks from hard soil or obstacles.
iii) Furrow wheel – Helps regulate the depth of cut.
iv) Disc – Cuts and turns the soil during ploughing.

(1c)
(I) Improve crop and livestock production.
(ii) Develop pest and disease-resistant varieties.
(iii) Promote mechanized and modern farming techniques.
(iv) Provide training and education to farmers and students.

(1d)
(I) Construction and maintenance of rural roads.
(ii) Provision of rural transportation services (like trucks).
(iii) Government investment in rural infrastructure.
(iv) Use of cooperative societies for transport pooling.
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(2a)
(i) Land Tenure System:

• Limits access to land for commercial farming.
• Insecurity of tenure discourages long-term investments.

(ii) Inadequate Processing Facilities:

• Leads to post-harvest losses.
• Reduces income due to spoilage or price drops.

(iii) Rural-Urban Migration:

• Causes labor shortages in farming.
• Leads to neglect of agricultural land and decline in output.

(2b)
(I) To provide rural road networks for easy transportation of farm produce.
(ii) To support rural development through provision of basic infrastructure.

(2c)
(I) To break soil clods after primary tillage.
(ii) To smoothen and level the seedbed.
(iii) To control weeds.
(iv) To incorporate fertilizers or manure into the soil.

(2d)
(I) Water pumping for irrigation.
(ii) Operation of milking machines.
(iii) Feed grinding and mixing.
(iv) Refrigeration and storage of perishable products.
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SECTION B

(3a)
(I) Rainfall causes weathering of rocks.
(ii) Temperature variation leads to expansion and contraction of rocks.
(iii) Wind helps in the breakdown and transport of rock particles.
(iv) Ice and snow contribute to mechanical weathering through freeze-thaw cycles.

(b)
(I) Improves soil fertility.
(ii) Enhances water retention capacity.
(iii) Promotes microbial activity.
(iv) Improves soil structure and aeration.

(c)
(I) Increases crop yield.
(ii) Allows farming in dry seasons.
(iii) Prevents drought stress.
(iv) May cause waterlogging or salinity if mismanaged.

(d)
(I) Avoid overfeeding fish.
(ii) Prevent chemical runoff from nearby farms.
(iii) Use proper pond drainage systems.
(iv) Regularly clean and monitor pond water.
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4(a)
(I) Collect a soil sample.
(ii) Prepare serial dilutions.
(iii) Culture on nutrient agar.
(iv) Incubate and observe microbial growth.

(b)
(i) Sandy soil:

• Add organic manure.
• Use mulching to retain moisture.

(ii) CLAYEY SOIL:

• Apply lime to reduce acidity and loosen soil.
• Mix with sand or organic matter for better drainage.

(c)
(I) Reduces crop and fish productivity.
(ii) Kills beneficial soil organisms.
(iii) Leads to accumulation of toxic substances in food.
(iv) Causes diseases in livestock and humans.

(d)

• SPRINKLER sprays water over the entire area like rainfall, WHILE DRIP IRRIGATION delivers water directly to plant roots in drops.

(e)
(I) High installation and maintenance cost.
(ii) Risk of soil nutrient leaching.
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SECTION C

(5a) Feature Dicotyledonous Monocotyledonous Number of cotyledons Two One Leaf venation Reticulate/net-like Parallel

(b)
(i) SHADING

• Protects young plants from intense sunlight.
• Reduces water loss.

(ii) PRUNING

• Removes diseased or dead branches.
• Promotes healthy growth and shape.

(iii) EARTHENING-UP

• Supports plant stem and prevents lodging.
• Improves root development.

(c)
(I) Ensure both stock and scion are healthy and compatible.
(ii) Use sterilized tools to avoid infections.

(di)
Mendel’s first law, also known as the Law of Segregation, states that during the formation of gametes, each pair of alleles separates, so that each gamete receives only one allele from each pair. This ensures that offspring inherit one genetic allele from each parent for each trait.

(ii) Genetic Cross (F1 Generation):
Parent Plants:
Green garden egg = GG (homozygous dominant)
Yellow garden egg = gg (homozygous recessive)

Cross:

Parent genotypes: GG × gg

Gametes: G g

F1 Generation: Gg Gg Gg Gg

Result:
All offspring in the F1 generation will have the Gg genotype (heterozygous) and express the dominant green colour phenotype.
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(6a)
(i) Taungya System:
A system where food crops are grown temporarily among forest trees before the forest canopy closes.

(ii)
(I) To make use of land during the early stages of forest plantation establishment.
(ii) To increase food production and reduce land waste.

(b)
(I) They have lightweight seeds.
(ii) Seeds possess wing-like structures or hairs for easy wind carriage.

(c)
(i) Spacing at field:
40–60 cm between plants and 75–100 cm between rows.

(ii) Climatic requirement:

• Requires warm temperatures (20–30°C).
• Needs adequate sunlight and moderate rainfall.

(iii)
(i)Bacterial leaf spot
(ii) Anthracnose

(iv)
(i) Regular weeding
(ii) Application of organic manure or fertilizer

(d)
(I) Dry leaves
(ii) Kitchen waste
(iii) Livestock droppings
(iv) Wood ash
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SECTION D

(7a)
(i) Lice:

• Regular brushing and spraying with insecticides
  (ii) Tapeworm:
• Deworming with anthelmintic drugs
  (iii) Tick:
• Use of acaricides and keeping the environment clean

(b)
(I) Proper feeding with balanced diet
(ii) Vaccination and disease control
(iii) Regular monitoring and weight checking

(c)

• Silage is fermented, stored green fodder preserved in an anaerobic environment.
• Soilage is freshly cut green fodder fed directly to animals without preservation.
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  COMPLETED 💯✅