Waec gce government 2025

(3)
(i) Policy formulation and advice: Civil servants assist political leaders by researching, analyzing, and providing expert advice on policies. They prepare policy documents, draft proposals, and ensure that decisions are informed by facts and technical knowledge.

(ii) Implementation of government policies: Once policies are approved, civil servants are responsible for putting them into action. They organize resources, coordinate activities, and oversee programs to ensure that government plans are executed effectively and efficiently.

(iii) Administration and management of public services: Civil servants manage day-to-day operations of government ministries, departments, and agencies. They ensure that services such as education, health, transportation, and security are delivered to the public in a systematic and organized manner.

(iv) Regulation and enforcement of laws: Civil servants ensure that government regulations and laws are applied consistently. They monitor compliance, enforce rules, and take corrective actions where necessary, helping maintain order and uphold the rule of law.

(v) Continuity and stability of government: Civil servants provide institutional memory and maintain continuity when political leadership changes. Their expertise and experience help preserve stability in government operations, ensuring that public administration continues smoothly regardless of political transitions.

*WAEC GCE GOVERNMENT*

*NUMBER FOUR*

(4)
(PICK FIVE ONLY)
(i) Promotion of Checks and Balances: The second chamber helps to check the excesses of the lower chamber (House of Representatives) and the executive arm. This ensures that no single organ of government becomes too powerful, thereby strengthening democracy and accountability.

(ii) Representation of States Equally: In Nigeria’s federal structure, the Senate ensures equal representation of all states, regardless of population size. Each state has the same number of senators, promoting fairness and protecting the interests of smaller states.

(iii) Quality Legislation: Having a second chamber allows bills and policies passed by the lower chamber to undergo further scrutiny, debate, and amendment. This double-checking process improves the quality and effectiveness of laws enacted.

(iv) Prevention of Hasty Legislation: The Senate serves as a reviewing body that carefully examines proposed laws, preventing rash or poorly thought-out legislation that might harm national interests.

(v) Promotion of Political Stability: By allowing wider consultation and deliberation before passing laws, the second chamber reduces political tension and promotes consensus-building among different political groups and regions.

(vi) Protection of Minority Interests: The Senate provides a platform where minority groups and less populous regions can express their views and defend their interests, thereby promoting inclusiveness and national unity.

(vii) Support for National Integration: Through equal state representation, the second chamber encourages cooperation among diverse ethnic and regional groups, fostering unity and a stronger sense of belonging within the federation.

(viii) Oversight and Accountability Functions: The Senate plays a vital role in overseeing the activities of the executive arm, approving key appointments, and investigating government actions, thereby enhancing transparency and good governance.

*WAEC GCE GOVERNMENT*

*NUMBER FIVE*

(5)
(PICK FIVE ONLY)
(i) Formulation of Development Oriented Policies: Political parties can serve as platforms for developing sound economic, educational, and social policies that focus on national growth. When parties compete based on well-planned manifestos, it encourages innovation and progressive governance.

(ii) Recruitment and Training of Political Leaders: The party system helps identify, train, and prepare competent individuals for leadership roles. This ensures that qualified and visionary leaders emerge to implement developmental programs effectively.

(iii) Mobilization of Citizens for Participation: Political parties mobilize citizens to participate in elections, policy discussions, and civic activities. Active citizen involvement strengthens democracy and enhances collective efforts toward national development.

(iv) Promotion of Political Stability: When political parties operate peacefully and respect democratic principles, they help maintain political order and reduce conflict. Stability creates a favorable environment for investment and sustainable development.

(v) Policy Continuity and Implementation: A well-structured party system ensures that successive governments within the same party maintain and complete ongoing projects, preventing policy abandonment and wastage of resources.

(vi) Strengthening Accountability and Transparency: Through opposition parties and internal party democracy, the party system promotes checks and balances. Opposition parties hold ruling parties accountable, exposing corruption and demanding better governance.

(vii) Encouragement of National Integration: Political parties that operate across ethnic and regional lines promote unity by bringing together people from diverse backgrounds to work toward common developmental goals.

(viii) Facilitation of Political Education: Parties educate citizens on their rights, duties, and the importance of governance. This political awareness empowers citizens to make informed decisions, support good policies, and demand responsible leadership that fosters development.

*WAEC GCE GOVERNMENT*

*NUMBER SIX*

(6)
(PICK FIVE ONLY)

(i) Community Mobilization: Traditional rulers can help mobilize their subjects for government programs such as immunization, education, and environmental sanitation. Their influence ensures faster acceptance and participation in development projects.

(ii) Conflict Resolution: By settling local disputes through traditional methods, traditional rulers help maintain peace and order, creating a stable environment necessary for development to thrive.